Claire

Name: Frances Hook Birthday: 1847. Hometown: Chicago-Illinois Profession: Soldier School: Home Favorite Books: None Hobbies: running, wrestling. Likes: Edmond (my brother), helping those in need Dislikes: being limited by my age, gender (both) Political Views: Republican Religious Views: Episcopalian

I don't have quotes really, I'm just a normal girl, and just a bit too humble and self conscious to put any quotes by myself up. However I will put quotes by some important people that struck me for whatever reason.

"Every attempt to make war easy and safe will result in humiliation and disaster". Bradan Connor Williams

"It is better to attack than to defend, you can not win by defending, only hold them off, so attack, and have done with it!" Corumen Smithson

=**ABOUT ME:**= A recap in my life until now: My parents died when i was 3. I don't remember them much, I was raised and cared for by my older brother, Edmond. He taught me to run and play like boys and to use i knife. He taught me all I know. I never went to school, but learned how to read from my Edmond. When our parents died, Edmond got a job at a factory, and left me with the neighors while he worked. As soon as i was old enough i got a job in a factory as well.

In 1861, Edmond decided that he wanted to join the Union forces. At first I had planned to become a nurse, and do my part for the country, but then the thought of being separated from Edmond was too hard, and Edmond had practically resolved on not going at all when I decided that I would go with him.

Women had done it before, and as I was still 14, my femininity was less obvious than some of the other women who had attempted to do what I was about to do. Mostly, i feared i would be turned away because of my age. I signed up, and wend for my physical. The doctors are SUPPOSED to have us get naked, and do a series of tests, but my docor only had me do a couple push ups, and then 5 jumping jacks! Then he signed the paper and called the next man in.

Edmond and I reported for duty the next day, we trained for a week, and then went out into the feild. After our 90 day enlistment, Edmond and i signed up again for 3 years. We are now in the 3rd year, and are considering enlisting in a different regiment next year.

=UPDATES=

- 1 - 1831- Nat Turners Rebellion, put fear in the hearts of many Virginians. Led to the change in Virginia's slave laws, and freed slave laws. I know I was not alive then, but I have done so much research on the topic that I feel I might have been!

- 2 - 1847- I was born which, to //me//, is the most important event of the decade!

- 3- 1848- Wisconsin becomes the 13th free state. The newspapers from that time say that it is free, and the balance between the north and south has changed...

- 4- 1849- My parents died, and Edmond who was 13 dropped out of school. Harriet Tubman escapes from slavery. Harriet Tubman later becomes a friend of Lincoln and she spies for the Union. She is also a big abolitionist, and I have heard that she has freed many slaves; though she will say nothing of it to those she does not trust explicitly.

- 5- 1850- Comprise of 1850. A lot of new land has been acquired. The government had to split the new land up into slave states and free states. The doomsayers said that this was the beginning of the civil war. For once, they might have been right…This is when Edmond almost lost his finger working in a factory.

- 6- 1851- Sojourner Truth gives ‘Ain't I a Woman' speech. She spoke about women being as good as men, and about how she had never been treated with much gentility, and yet she had not been allowed to have the rights of the men. I read about it in a newspaper, and even though I was only four years old and unable to read it by myself, I still remember being stunned by it.

- 7- 1852- Franklin Pierce is elected as president. Massachusetts makes school mandatory. I wish that I lived there! I always dreamed of going to school… However, the law was not enforced with blacks, and girls. Being one of those minorities, I can feel the sting. - 8- 1853- Many Rail Roads are being built. Beginning of trains in America. I did not know it then, but those trains in the north would be a major part of the Union’s victory, because they were able to bring supplies around a lot faster than the south, which had only a very small number of railroads. Edmond and I decided that someday we would ride a train, and go to Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, or Washington D.C.

- 9- 1854- Kansas Nebraska Act saying that Kansas would be decided to be free or slave depending on popular vote. This was a very controversial move, and lead to much bloodshed, and Civil War. The decision was much talked about, and the people living in the room below us decided to get a group together and move to Kansas, so as to alter the vote.

-10- 1855- Indiana joins the states, but does not elect a congressional representative until almost 2 years later, for fear of changing the balance between the North, and South. Edmond and I were starting to realize that there was a great tension in the air, and the subject of North and South had become unspeakable, like religion.

11- 1856- There has been violence in congress! Congress man Sumner was beaten with a cane by fellow congress man Brooks, in response to a rude speech about Congressman Butler. This is the first public violence by congress. The newspapers in Chicago depict Sumner as a victim, but I found a newspaper on the ground from Virginia, making Brooks out as a hero! What difference in opinions people can have on this violence…

12- 1857- Dred Scott Decision: Slaves are not citizens! An old negro woman walked around the city, yelling about it, until she was put in prison for disturbing the peace.

13- 1858- Minnesota joins as a free state. The newspapers talk about how each time a state is added, there is a lot of discussion, free or slave? One even commented on the possibility of a Civil War!

14- 1859- Oregon joins as free state. The North states now outnumber the Southern states, and this discussion leads to arguments. A bigger and bigger rift between north and south is created.

15- 1860- Lincoln is elected president, though he wasn't even on some of the ballot in the Deep South! The South is outraged. I heard one man with a deep southern accent saying that he felt unrepresented!

16- 1861- The South secedes. The Civil War starts. I joined the Army with Edmond.

17- 1862- Battle of Shiloh. Edmond died. I desert and re-enlist into the 33rd Illinois infantry. Battle of Fredericksburg, I am discovered and sent home.

18- 1863- I re-enlist, this time in the 90th Illinois infantry. I am taken prisoner of confederates where I meet Amillia Nashuagon, also a female prisoner; she however, had been a spy.

19- 1864- Battle of Wilderness; Union-17666; Confederacy-7500. More than double the amount of union soldiers died than the amount of confederate soldiers. That was also the year when the Union and Confederacy exchanged some prisoners. I was one of the lucky 27 prisoners traded back to the Union.

20- 1865- President Lincolns second term as president begins. Lincoln is assassinated. Jefferson Davis is taken prisoner. Civil war ends. Slavery is abolished.

=PICTURES=















I had another picture but the computer would not allow me to upload it. Click to go to the picture This is a picture of my infantry in front of one of the tents. I am the 11th from the right. Behind me and to the left is Edmond.



















=**NOTES**= __ NOTE ONE __

Last night my infantry snuck past the line to ambush a town. We quietly made our way through a field of cotton, the town’s lights just visible in the darkness. My brother, Edmond was right behind me, and our friend; Markus Ferring was in front of me. It was such a comfort, to know that if I died that night, I would die fighting for my country, and I would die with those most important to me close by. We were all tense and so silent that one could barely hear us rustling through the plants, though our numbers were about fifty. Then suddenly, loud voices began to sing, I swear we all jumped about a mile high. Four of us, Damon Wish, Carl Listen, Geoffrey Ander, and myself were sent to check the source of the noise. We were sprinting threw the field when we almost tumbled into a sort of half clearing. See, cotton grows high, and as we were all ducked down, it was impossible to see them over the plants. Damon was the first to notice them, and he signaled us to stop. Stupid Carl who has not the strongest vision, nor the brightest brain, came on the verge of tumbling down into the clearing and it was only by Damon’s quickly grabbing the back of Carl’s shirt that our presence was kept secret. Now at leisure to observe the singers, I crept forward and saw that they were Negros! The group had only sung about 8 lines before we had carefully retreated to the rest of the group, but their voices were carried by the wind from the plains and I had just stopped being able to hear them about a mile and a half before we reached the town.

The fight was easy, I will not go into the details, it was much like any ambush, and we won by a landslide, minor injuries and no deaths on the Union side. But despite last night being fairly regular, I will always remember it. Because of the slaves and their songs. Now I think it is important to remember what the lyrics were so I will wright them down as best I can:

Follow the North Star, The North Star North Star Let it fill up your sky, Go towards North Star That is where happiness lies The brightest star in all heavens Follow the North Star … …(I forget)…………… (Something-something) I believe Led the Kings of Orient to their savior Let it lead me to mine I’m gonna follow Follow the North Star … …(I forget)…………… Good enough for kings, Good enough for me. No I, I don’t expect For things to be easy. I’m ready for the watery path. But I’m going to make it there Someday someday I will find a way And if you get their first To the Promised Land If you get there first (Something….) neighbors I never (couldn’t hear) So I’m gonna’ follow Follow that (couldn’t hear) …. Star…sky…(I went out of hearing range)

Slavery is such an awful thing. Really. It’s nice to know I’m helping, or else who knows what I would do. The South is really awful to their slaves. 2000 slaves, not knowing which ones which. You hear stories, of soldiers who find black men, women, and worst of all, children; beaten to death. You hear of the massive crops of cotton, all farmed by slaves.

Up until about 70 years ago, slave owners needed their slaves to pick out the seeds, but now with this new machine, the cotton gin, plantation owners are able to put their slaves working in the field which meant that there was even MORE cotton being made, and everything was able to be done on a bigger scale. No wonder the south is against abolition, it would ruin their economy. Still, it’s only a couple slave owners who have so many slaves, but they also have all the money, and therefore all the power.

Sad how that works. The poor stay poor, the helpless stay helpless, and the rich stay rich. And now, the rich are afraid to lose that. When the new states were being added the south there was a lot of discussion on whether it was to be a slave state or free state. In fact, Edmond said that was one of the most important reasons behind this war. Slavery.

I can remember when Edmond first explained slavery to me. He said that they were people who had to do as their owners told them. Then I had asked, “Sort of like a mommy and daddy?” and he had answered with ”It’s different. There is no affection involved. The owner treats the slave like they are a servant, just meant to do work. Only the slave does not have a choice.” I hadn’t understood that and finally after Edmond had explained it several more times he got tired and said, “They are considered property, like a doll. The owner doesn’t have to care what they want. The owner doesn’t have to care how tired, hungry, or in pain the slave is. The good masters do, but they don’t have to. Slaves are only considered three-fifths human.

I had frowned at him then. “That’s stupid. A persons a person.” Then Edmond had hugged me, and I became distracted by his curly hair, pulled one of his locks down, until it was straight, and then I let go, watching it bounce. I’m going to put this paper away now; The other men think it is a letter to my sweet heart. How funny!! One of the men came over, saw the song, and thought it was a poem. No matter, I covered the paper before he could see anything. The Lady Soldier Frances Hook (A.K.A Frank Miller) 1862

__ NOTE TWO __

When I was little, Edmond liked to take me around and play teacher. Sometimes we would sit in the empty schools and he would write on the board with chalk, and walk back and forth, sometimes reprimanding another, imaginary student. He would talk about things he had learned in school, and try to imitate his old teachers. We had been in the middle of one of these games, Edmond trying to teach me how to subtract large numbers, when one of the real teachers came in. Edmond lied, and said he was tutoring me, and I had to pretend to be a boy, because it was an all boy’s school. That was my first time pretending to be a boy. It was not hard to fool the teacher, who actually did not seem to care who we were, or why we were there. He looked as though all he wanted to do was to go home. He told Edmond to hurry up and finish, and that he would be closing up the school in a couple minutes, whether or not we were still inside. We immediately stood up to leave, but as we were walking out, the teacher suggested that we continue our lesson in the library. He then walked us to the library, as it was, he said, on his way home. On our way he questioned us, and I listened to Edmond lie about classes. The teacher then turned his attention to me. I was very afraid, and tried hard to remember the things Edmond had told me about his couple years at school. All ideas failed me and so I said “I have trouble with subtraction. The big numbers.” Then I shut my mouth and waited nervously for his answer. “Well lad” he had answered, “you’ll get it. That’s the library, you boys go in and study, if you tell the librarian that your from the St Peters School for Boy’s, she’ll let you take books out on the school tab. Make sure you return them though, or your parents will be getting a call, and you’ll be getting a touch of the hide in school. Now run along and study” Edmond and I rushed up the stairs. We had never been in the library before, libraries were for schoolboys, and rich educated men. Not for poor children. But there we were in the library. At first all we could do was stare. It was the most wonderful thing! Edmond got a book and checked it under the schools name. We took it home and almost reverently spent that night reading. We visited the library as often as possible after that, always sure to return any book we took out in perfect condition. It was during one such lesson from Edmond at the Chicago Public Library, that Edmond found a copy of the Declaration of Independence. That was right around when we decided to enlist. Edmond was obsessed with the United States, and the history of our country. At that point, they weren’t really //lessons// just us reading, and teaching each other. Now, I cannot remember exactly what the Declaration of Independence had said, but it was something about life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness, and about how the King of England was denying our citizens these rights given by the creator. There had then been a list of offences. Things like quartering soldiers in the people’s houses, and high taxes, and having no representatives, and having the trial by jury removed. Mostly it was them not being represented, and them being taxed, and the taxes not going to help them but to help people in England. I’m writing this stuff down now because it makes me think about what we’re fighting for. I don’t really know. At first it was Lincoln saying that he wanted to keep the states together, but now, we’re fighting for emancipation. Or I think we are. It’s actually really hard to get a proper answer about what were fighting for. I know that I’m fighting to keep my brother safe, so I can watch his back. But I think that others fight because of slavery and the western expansion. When the Louisiana Purchase, and the Missouri Compromise occurred, we suddenly had all that new land, and all those problems with whether the new states would be free or not free. And then there was the Bleeding Kansas ordeal that was all over the news. To think that Brooks went in and actually beat Sumner senseless. To be sure, Sumner’s speech about Butler was rude, even obnoxious, but open violence in congress was sure to lead to open violence everywhere. That was pretty much the start of the civil war in my opinion. I wonder about…about… Darn I lost my thought. It’s awfully late. I ought to sleep; else I might not be able to do my morning training! Anyway, I’m going to bed. The Lady Soldier Frances Hook (A.K.A Frank Miller) 1862 

__ NOTE THREE __ Last week was the battle of Shiloh. Edmond died. He died. Before we could even get him to a hospital. I get up in the morning, and I look at where his cot was, and it’s all I can do not to break down. The other men don’t know he was my brother. We told them that we were best friends since we were little, but the truth is, he was MORE than a best friend. He was my protector, my brother, my best friend, and my confidant. And now, in this regiment, unable to share my true emotions, unable to cry out my grief; I have all of these emotions inside. And I have no outlet. It’s hard. I know that the other men expect me to be back to my regular self soon, but I know I wont be, because everywhere I go I am reminded of him.

In the middle of practices I break down, suddenly swamped with memories. Geoffrey calls my name and it reminds me of when we chose it. I see one of the new recruits get their fitness criticized, and it reminds me of when I was so nervous of being found out that I was the ‘most eager recruit ever seen’. I see the scar on arm, and I remember how Edmond had-. Oh. God I cant even bear to. Oh. I… I need to change. I need to leave this, this place, all these memories. If I keep crying I’ll be found out! But. I just…

He was always there for me, always teaching me, and watching my back. Reminding me of things I hadn’t forgotten, and telling me stories I had heard ten times before. It’s hard for me to eat and I’m not getting much sleep. Everyone in the regiment knows why I’m acting like this so they cut me some slack, but eventually they will expect me to pull myself together. And I can’t.

I cant! Not here. Not with all these reminders of my. My Edmond. My brother, he’s gone, and I’m never. Never. Never going to get him back. He’s really gone. I can’t believe that. I can’t write about this. I have to. God no. He’s gone. I saw it. I saw him get shot and fall. But I, I thought he would get up again. And I tried to get over to him, but I couldn’t break formation and. and. When I finally got there, his beautiful face white, and him sitting in a pool of his own blood and poop. Flies defiling his body already.

We buried him in his uniform of course, and I stood up in front of the regiment, with my script, and I didn’t get past two lines before I burst out that ‘he was my brother’. But my voice was so strangled I doubt anyone heard me. And then I had to step aside. Because I just can’t take it. I just can’t. He was the only person I really cared for. The only one. The only person who knew who I was. Edmond. I have to stop writing about this. Stop obsessing. But it hurts so much, and I can’t //not// feel it, but I can’t //keep// feeling it. I’m going to live the rest of this year out. Then I can leave this regiment and all that reminds me of. Of. Him.

I can’t keep writing about this so I will write, instead about something that takes up most of my thought. I will write about something that can distract me.

Slaves. I wrote about them when. That was back when. When Edmond was alive and we, we heard them singing. The Negros. Them all singing that song about going north.

Edmond, and I had talked about them. We had. We had talked and talked about their inspiration. Like me, they had role models to look up to. There I’m calmer now. My Edmond and I had discussed which other slaves had inspired them, because we like-. No. We lik**//ed//** talking about those types of things. We decided that the most influential slave rebellion was the Nat Turner rebellion, because it was the only really successful rebellion that I have heard of in the states. Though neither of us were alive at the time, we were able to stop into The Chicago Public Library during one of our recruiting sessions. Nat Turner had been a slave, and had also been brought up with a deep hatred for slavery by his mother, and grandmother who had both been brought over from Africa.

His master had taught him to read, and Nat had become a deeply religious man. One night, he and about five other slaves went into his masters’ house and killed all of the whites excepting an infant, and a family that had owned no slaves. His cause created a huge uprising that killed about fifty whites in total. His group had slowly begun going towards their ‘promised land’ Jerusalem, Virginia. About 3000 Virginia militia were sent to stop the attack, and most of the rebellion was caught and hung. Nat himself was not found for a couple of months afterward.

Denmark Vesey who had also been very religious led another influential rebellion. He had organized a HUGE rebellion, which was only found out because they were betrayed. The plan had been to lead some people outside of the house by setting fires. The Negros would kill the people coming out, and then be free to go in and kill everyone else. Even though the plan was found out, it brought fear to all of the slaveholders.

That the slaves, the ‘mindless’ pieces of property could have come that close to killing them all made the whites skin crawl. One woman wrote in her diary that it was ‘like waking up to see you daughters dolls plotting to kill her’. Indeed it //was// a wake up call. Many whites in the south, already living with fear of rebellion were now so terrified that the southern states made stricter and stricter rules against blacks.

Only a certain amount of slaves could get together in a meeting without a white person present, and the laws about free, and freed blacks were so controlling that many chose to move away rather than live in those conditions. In fact, in Virginia, freed slaves HAD to leave the country or go back into slavery!

Finally, the whole Amistad thing was a big deal. The fact that these would-be slaves were able to become free men inspired a lot of slaves. They big question was ‘are they property?’, and even though many slaves were, indisputably ‘property’, it still gave Negros hope. It also gave abolitionists hope and a new drive. The president at that time had done all that he could to stop slaves from being declared free, but in spite of that, the black men from The Amistad were freed.

When I had been reading about these occasions, I had not understood how a person could be in such a rage as to kill everyone, no matter, age or gender, but now. Now I understand. It does not matter to me if the person who shot my brother is three years old, or if they are 108 years old. It does not matter if they are a man, or woman. I will find them and I will. I will make them, I will make them pay. And because I do not know which confederate soldier shot My Edmond, I will treat any confederate soldier as if they were his murderer, and none of them will get any mercy from me.

The Lady Soldier Frances Hook (A.K.A Frank Miller) 1862

__ NOTE FOUR __ I wasn’t able to live the two months out. I deserted. It shames me to say so, but at least I know that it wasn’t because I was afraid of war. I deserted when we passed close to Chicago, and I spent a month at home, working in a factory, sowing. Sowing is not the job for me. I eventually cut my hair again, took out my shirts and breaches, and enlisted in the 33rd Illinois infantry under the name of Frank Henderson. It was nice; to get back to doing what I was so used to. Comfortable because it was the same, but different enough not to make it painful. I was able to tell the men that my brother had just died. I didn’t have to lie. That was nice. And now I was older, and unable to hide behind my brother. Unfortunately about 2 days ago, at the battle of Fredericksburg, I took a bullet in the chest. The doctors of course, found out that I was a girl. The men immediately all said they had suspected me, although I’m sure that they had not, and I was made change into a nurse’s uniform. I was given permission to say, as a nurse, but I have other plans. In two days time I will be released from the infirmary, and placed on a train back to Chicago. I plan on enlisting into the 90th Illinois infantry as soon as I am healed, it would look funny if I had supposedly never done battle before, and had a bullet wound! I am currently in the infirmary, sitting in a bed surrounded by other beds. There is no privacy, and I must be the only girl in the whole building who is not a nurse. The few men who have visited me from the infantry were quite angry, but two of them came back a second time, with my things. They told me about the other men, and returned again this afternoon, to give me a couple of my things that they had forgotten last time. I wish that I could exchange my address with these men, but if they were too see that I was writing from the 90th infantry, they might give me away. It’s sad to think I will be losing the friends, but I know I will be able to find new ones. Other than them, my only visitors have been the nurses, checking on my bandages, half giving me looks that told me that they thought I was no better than the women in the brothels, the other half giving me looks that said that they wished they were as brave as me, and that they thought I had done a great thing for my country. Looking at those women’s eyes however, was not the only way to find out how a nurse thought of me. Some nurses were almost violent about changing my bandages, pinching my skin against layers, while other nurses would take their time gently but solidly bandaging my breast, and asking me questions. Just a minute ago, one nurse was checking on me. She looked about 35 years old, though her face was prematurely lined, from stress or some such thing. She asked me who my inspiration was. “Miss, how did you come to think up such a thing!? Did you think it up all on your own? Or no. You must have seen something. Read something. Been somewhere that made you think such crazy things! Meaning no disrespect miss, I think that what you done is great, just. Different.” I had answered that I had read about many women right activists, and that I had a sibling who had gone into the army, and that I had followed him. She had nodded and walked away, fluttering over the person in the next bed over. In truth there are two speakers who have really stuck out to me. The speaker who most influenced me is Sojourner Truth. Her ‘Ain’t I a Woman’ speech (which was then adapted into the poem bellow) speaks to me especially.

That man over there say a woman needs to be helped into carriages and lifted over ditches and to have the best place everywhere. Nobody ever helped me into carriages or over mud puddles or gives me a best place. . . And ain't I a woman? Look at me Look at my arm! I have plowed and planted and gathered into barns and no man could head me. . . And ain't I a woman? I could work as much and eat as much as a man-- when I could get to it-- and bear the lash as well and ain't I a woman? I have born 13 children and seen most all sold into slavery and when I cried out a mother's grief none but Jesus heard me. . . and ain't I a woman? that little man in black there say a woman can't have as much rights as a man cause Christ wasn't a woman Where did your Christ come from? From God and a woman! Man had nothing to do with him! If the first woman God ever made was strong enough to turn the world upside down, all alone together women ought to be able to turn it rightside up again.

To me, this poem means that women can do what men can do. As there is no recording of her speech, I can only guess who the ‘little man in the black’ is, but I would guess that it is either an anti-woman’s rights activist, or a member of the church, because is says that the man sais “a woman can’t have as much rights as a man cause Christ wasn’t a woman.”. Although I have never been whipped, or done much gardening I know that I can do as many pushups, sit ups, or pull-ups as any man. I can run in rain, and shoot with accuracy. My brother died and when I cried late at night, I had no mother, no friend to sooth me. I feel as though I could almost write my own speech about my suffrage…except I don’t have her way with words. Another influential black woman is Harriett Tubman. She worked freeing slaves (I suspect, she refuses to say) she worked as a nurse, and I believe she also worked as a spy for the union. Of course, she cannot SAY that she’s a spy, or that she worked in the Underground Railroad, but it is like common knowledge. The gossips of the camps come in with new stories about her every week. They say she freed over 100 slaves! It helps, when your lying in bed, knowing that there are other women out there //doing// something other than sowing and making babies. The man next to me is telling stories of his time in service. Though they are definitely exaggerated, I think I will put down my pen and listen. The Lady Solder Frances Hook (A.K.A Frank Henderson) 1862

=CITATIONS:=

"Aint I a woman." //1797-1883//. Truth Links, 203. Web. 26 Mar 2010. <@http://www.womenwriters.net/domesticgoddess/truth.htm>.

"Bleeding Kansas." Judgement Day. PBS Online, n.d. Web. 26 Mar 2010. <@http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/aia/part4/4p2952.html>. Douglass, Fredrick. "Self-Made Man" 1859.

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"Nathaniel Turner." //africawithin//. N.p., 2001. Web. 26 Mar 2010. <@http://www.africawithin.com/bios/nat_turner.htm>.

"[|Nat Turner's Rebellion.]" __Gale Encyclopedia of U.S. Economic History__. 2000. //Encyclopedia.com.// 26 Mar. 2010 <[]>.

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"[|1815-1850: Life Styles, Social Trends, and Fashion: Chronology.]" __American Eras__. 1997. //Encyclopedia.com.// 26 Mar. 2010 <[]>.